Tidal effects on variations of fresh–saltwater interface and groundwater flow in a multilayered coastal aquifer on a volcanic island (Jeju Island, Korea)     

Kue-Young Kim  Hyeonjeong Seong  Taehee Kim  Ki-Hwa Park  Nam-Chil Woo  Yoon-Suk Park  Gi-Won Koh  Won-Bae Park 《Journal of Hydrology》2006,330(3-4):525-542

We conducted various field studies at the seawater intrusion monitoring wells located in the eastern part of Jeju Island, Korea, to observe the tidal effect on groundwater–seawater flow in the coastal aquifer. Studies included monitoring the fluctuations of groundwater and tide levels, electrical and temperature logging, and 2-D heat-pulse flowmeter tests. According to time-series analysis, tidal effects on groundwater level reached up to 3 km inland from the coastline. Water-level variation was more sensitive to tidal fluctuations near the coast, and more related to rainfall toward inland areas. Temporal and spatial variations in the shape and location of the freshwater–saltwater interface were analyzed using data from nine monitoring wells. The results indicated that the interface toe is located at a distance of 6–8 km from the coastline and its location was related to geological layers present. Long-term seasonal variations revealed no major changes in the interface; minor variations were due to moving boundary conditions induced by tidal fluctuations. Using the two-dimensional heat-pulse flowmeter, groundwater flow directions and velocities at four tidal stages were measured on three monitoring wells drilled into the multilayered aquifers. This direct measurement enabled us to relate the differences of flow velocities and directions with geology and tidal fluctuations. Combining the results of EC logging and flowmeter tests, we found a zone where freshwater and saltwater moved alternately in opposite directions, as influenced by the tidal fluctuations. Integrating various physical logging and flowmeter data with water-level fluctuations improved our understanding of the behavior of fresh and seawater flow in the coastal aquifers.  相似文献   

The Characteristics of Seismic Activity Before the Devastating Earthquake with M wg. 0 Off the West Coast of Northern Sumatra     

Xue Yan 《中国地震研究》2006,20(2):118-126

The characteristics of seismic activity in different time-spatial domain before the Mw9.0 earthquake were studied. The results are as follows ： ① The activity of the deep earthquakes in the north boundary zone of the Australian plate had been evidently strengthened since 1994, showing an increased frequency, magnitude and depth, especially in regards to the heterogeneous distribution of the earthquake depth （namely between 500km and 689km）. Meanwhile the shallow earthquakes of M ≥ 7.0 in the Sumatra island and its vicinity had been obviously strengthened too, and formed a strengthening area with a length of about 1000 km and width 300 km. ②The time distribution of global strong earthquakes with M≥ 7.0 shows that the character of anomalous seismic quiescence-activity one year before the Mw9.0 earthquake and during its active period, the strong earthquakes formed a seismic belt striking in NWW direction. At the same time, there is a seismic gap formed by earthquakes of M ≥ 5.0 in the epicenter and its neighboring region. ③ Two deep earthquakes of M ≥ 7.0 occurred in the west and in the east of the north boundary zone of the Australian plate half year ago. It is notable that one of them occurred in the Sumatra island where no deep earthquake with M ③ 6.0 has occurred in the past thirty years. ④The space distribution of moderate shocks occurring three days ago exhibited a NWW-strike seismic belt along the north boundary zone of the Australian plate. ⑤The activity of volcanoes distributed in the north boundary zone of the Australian plate had been strengthened in the past 4 years, especially several months before the occurrence of the Mw9.0 earthquake.  相似文献   

高放废物地质处置系统核素迁移模型研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

魏海  沈振中  况代智 《水文地质工程地质》2006,33(6):89-93

高放废物地质处置系统核素迁移研究是高放废物安全处理和处置的重要内容。从整个系统的角度出发,把高放废物地质处置系统核素迁移过程分为三种模式:工程屏障中的释放—扩散模型;地质屏障中的对流—弥散模型和在生物圈中的分区传递模型。在分区传递模型中利用转移系数描述核素在各分区之间的迁移。通过对每种模型核素迁移机理的分析得出概化模型,并给出了相应的数学描述。  相似文献   

俯冲洋岛玄武岩脱水释放的水流体成分：来自西天山榴辉岩相高压脉的约束     

熊贤明  高俊  Reiner KLEMD  黄德志 《岩石学报》2006,22(1):103-114

俯冲洋壳的脱水作用对于岛弧火山岩的成因具有重要意义。西天山高压低温变质带中切割主岩蓝片岩/榴辉岩的榴辉岩相脉体记录了古生代俯冲带中的脱水过程。脉体具有典型高压矿物组合：石榴石(＞8%)+绿辉石(15%)+石英(＞55%)+蓝闪石(5%)+冻蓝闪石(10%)±黝帘石±方解石。高压脉及其主岩的岩相学与矿物化学研究表明流体是在俯冲过程中蓝片岩向榴辉岩进变质条件下释放。脉的主量元素成分显示流体富Si。主岩的稀土元素和微量元素表明其原岩为洋岛玄武岩(OIB)。脉和主岩具有相似的微量元素配分模式,并且相对N-MORB都显示富Li、Be、Cs、Rb、Ba、Pb、La的特点。通过模拟计算,在高压脉、与脉平衡的流体以及模拟的原生流体中都富集流体活动性元素(Li、Be、Pb)和LILE(Cs、Rb、Ba),贫HFSE(Nb)和REE(Nd、Sm)。证实了在古生代南天山洋俯冲时洋岛玄武岩脱水释放出富Li、Be、LILE、La和Pb,贫HFSE和HREE的流体。  相似文献   

新疆吐哈盆地南缘铜矿带含矿斑岩的地球化学及形成环境   总被引：7，自引：6，他引：7  

张连昌 万博李文铅  唐红峰 《岩石学报》2006,22(1):225-235

吐哈盆地南缘斑岩铜矿带位于中亚造山带东天山的中段。研究表明该铜矿带含矿斑岩的形成时代可分早石炭世和晚石炭世-早二叠世两期，前者以土屋-延东含矿斜长花岗斑岩为例，形成于与洋壳俯冲有关的岛弧环境，后者以赤湖和三岔口斜长花岗斑岩为例，形成于同碰撞造山的中-晚期。主量、微量元素和Sr—Nd同位素地球化学数据表明，吐哈盆地南缘铜矿带大多数斑岩具有钙碱性和岛弧花岗岩的特征，初始锶比值一般小于0．7046，εNd（t）值为5．3—7．6，反映成岩物质的深源性；进一步可将斑岩划分为埃达克岩和非埃达克岩，其中延东-土屋和三岔口含矿斑岩具有埃达克岩的特征，而赤湖、灵龙、卡拉塔格和垅西矿化斑岩和成矿后斑岩不具埃迭克岩特征。埃迭克岩成因有两种：土屋-延东埃迭克岩为洋壳板片熔融成因，三岔口埃达克岩为加厚下地壳的熔融成因。土屋-延东洋壳熔融埃达克岩的确定，进一步肯定了晚古生代石炭纪吐哈盆地南缘的岛弧环境。研究表明侵位于中亚造山带晚古生代岛弧环境和洋壳熔融成因的埃达克岩最有利于形成大型斑岩铜矿。  相似文献   

藏东碧土地区古特提斯主洋盆中的亚速尔型洋岛玄武岩   总被引：1，自引：5，他引：1  

吴根耀 《地质通报》2006,25(7):772-781

采自藏东碧土蛇绿混杂岩带的据水、学巴和登巴东3条剖面的火山岩样品,主体是碱性玄武岩.常量元素的判别图解表明其构造背景是洋岛.微量元素含量显示出大洋板内玄武岩的特点.稀土元素配分型式表现为一组近于平行的右倾曲线,(Ce/Yb)N值约为6,稀土总量随岩浆分异程度的增高而增加.洋岛总体发育的时间为石炭纪(古特提斯洋盆的全盛期),属亚速尔型洋岛.其中,学巴剖面代表了洋岛形成的初期阶段,其下部有大洋拉斑玄武岩的夹层,稀土配分曲线和微量元素蛛网曲线均落入OIB与E-MORB之间;登巴东剖面则代表了洋岛火山岩发育的晚期阶段,项部有酸性熔岩的夹层,火山岩之上连续沉积有灰岩和砂岩.对这3个亚速尔型洋岛的厘定,结合以前报道的夏威夷型洋岛(瓦浦火山岩),充分说明藏东的古特提斯主洋盆曾是一个开阔的多岛洋,与滇西南昌宁-孟连多岛洋的构造面貌相同.  相似文献   

西准包古图含铜斑岩的埃达克岩特征及其地质意义   总被引：61，自引：2，他引：61       下载免费PDF全文

张连昌  万博  焦学军  张锐 《中国地质》2006,33(3):626-631

西准达尔布特—包古图地区出露两类中酸性侵入岩,一类为海西晚期(<270Ma)花岗岩基,另一类为海西中晚期(330～320Ma)中酸性小斑岩体,包古图斑岩铜矿赋存于后者。岩石主量和微量元素分析表明,包古图含矿小斑岩基本满足埃达克岩的条件,即SiO2>56%,Al2O3>15%,MgO<3%,贫Y和Yb(Y<18×10-6,Yb<1.9×10-6),高Sr(>400×10-6),HREE明显亏损,其Nd和Sr同位素组成与洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)组成接近。但部分样品MgO含量较高(>3%),轻稀土元素丰度较低,偏离埃达克岩的组成范围。根据斑岩的地球化学组成并结合区域地质特征,笔者认为包古图含矿斑岩形成于与洋内俯冲有关的岛弧环境,但洋壳板片的初始熔体在上升过程中受到了地幔橄榄岩的不均匀混染。  相似文献   

西藏冈底斯南缘火山-岩浆弧带中桑日群adakite的发现及其意义   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

姚鹏  李金高  王全海  顾雪祥  唐菊兴  惠兰 《岩石学报》2006,22(3):612-620

冈底斯南缘火山-岩浆弧带,位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带与冈底斯陆块之间。近年来的研究表明,它是新特提斯洋多次俯冲消减的产物。洋壳大致经历了早(中侏罗世)、晚(晚侏罗—早白垩世)两次俯冲作用,由此形成的火山岛弧带在空间上呈北、南两条平行展布。本文,通过对晚期俯冲形成的南带岛弧火山岩(桑日群)的研究,并与新生代(＜25Ma)环太平洋adakite的对比研究表明,桑日群火山岩具有与adakite相似的特征:缺乏玄武岩,以安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩组合为主;地球化学特征表现为SiO_2平均为61．57%(≥56%)、Al_2O_3平均为16．36%(≥15%)、MgO平均为2．63%(＜3%),Na/K高(3．05);具有低的Yb(1．39×10~(-6),≤1．9×10~(-6))、Y(13．57×10~(-6),≤18×10~(-6))和高的Sr(646×10~(-6),＞400×10~(-6));REE配分型式为亏损重稀土,Eu异常不明显;Sr同位素组成与大洋板片熔融形成的adakite非常相近。这意味着,该弧南带(桑日群)的弧火山岩(＞25Ma)是新特提斯洋壳经俯冲部分熔融形成的;同时也暗示,它的形成可能是一种特殊动力学机制的产物——新特提斯主洋有关的小洋盆快速俯冲。而其成矿意义在于:它是超大型斑岩铜矿和中低温热液矿床成矿的标志之一。  相似文献   

海南岛古生代弧状构造带的特征及其地质意义   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

李孙雄  范渊  莫位明  吕嫦艳 《矿产与地质》2006,20(3):232-236

海南岛古生代弧状构造带发育于EW向九所-陵水构造带以北的广大地区,席卷中元古界至晚古生界,生成于海西期,并持续至印支期,控制了同期的岩浆作用、成矿作用和沉积盆地西浅东深的古地理格局。通过对该弧状构造带的构造特征、构造演化及动力学背景进行的探讨,研究认为,其生成可能与古特提斯收缩闭合有关,并呈现出由西向东的剪式闭合特征。而弧状构造带的厘定将为海南岛基础地质的研究以及地质找矿工作带来新的启发。  相似文献   

废物处置场地地质屏障的环境安全评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孟伟  赫英臣 《中国地质》2007,34(1):166-172

当前由于科技进步,经济快速发展,也需要对环境质量提出更高的要求,要求各种环境处理、处置工程能达到永久安全,一劳永逸的保护环境的效果。这种效果的实现唯一的要靠地质屏障发挥的效应,因此笔者就地质屏障的基本作用,对地质屏障的安全评价,如何利用地质屏障解决环境问题等,利用大量的实验数据和实践经验进行详细论证。提出中国具有各种各样有利的地质条件和许多可利用的优良地质屏障,依靠地质科学的基本理论来解决环境问题,促使环境状态和生态环境逐渐向良好方向发展。  相似文献